Alireza Toloei

Associate Professor

Update: 2025-11-20

Alireza Toloei

New technologies and aerospace engineering /

Journal Paper

  1. "Designing a Sliding Mode Control System for a Hovercraft and Improving it with Deep Reinforcement Learning"
    Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh, Alireza Toloei, reza ghasemi
    International Journal of Engineering Transactions C: Aspects, Vol. 38, pp.1320-1330, 2025
  2. "Formation control of unmanned helicopters, moving target tracking, obstacle avoidance, and maintenance connectivity"
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei
    International Journal of Engineering Transactions C: Aspects, Vol. 38, pp.2072-2084, 2025
  3. "NMPC Formation Control for Heterogeneous Multi-Air Vehicles with Obstacle Avoidance and Connectivity Maintenance"
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, reza gahsemi
    Intelligent Service Robotics, Vol. 18, pp.27-41, 2025
  4. "Optimum Design of Liquid Fuel Launch Vehicle Based on Design of Missile Under Uncertainty with Latin Hyper-cube Method (LHS)"
    Maziar Hoseini shalmaee, Alireza Toloei, Mehran Nosratollahi
    International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Vol. 26, pp.1874-1889, 2025
  5. "Improving Performance of Flight Control System in Presence of Uncertainties and Extreme Changes in Parameters using Multiple Model Adaptive Control"
    Saeid Niazi, Alireza Toloei, reza ghasemi
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 37, pp.2023-2041, 2024
  6. "Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance of a Multi-Quadrotor System Based on Model Predictive Control and Improved Artificial Potential Field"
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, reza ghasemi
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 37, pp.115-126, 2024
  7. "Heterogeneous Formation Sliding Mode Control of the Flying Robot and Obstacles Avoidance"
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, Reza Ghasemi
    International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, 2024
  8. "Formation Control with Obstacle Avoidance for Heterogeneous Multi-Flying Robots: Connectivity Preservation"
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, Reza Ghasemi
    International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Vol. 25, pp.1050-1066, 2024
  9. "Quadrotor Control for Tracking Moving Target, and Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Based on Potential Field Method"
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, reza ghasemi
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 36, pp.1720-1732, 2023
  10. "Robust optimization of the design of monopropellant propulsion control systems using an advanced teaching-learning-based optimization method"
    Mohammad Fatehi, Alireza Toloei, Enrico Zio, tagi Niaki, Behrooz Keshtegar
    ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Vol. 126, 2023
  11. "Manufacture of Spokes for a Spacecraft Umbrella Antenna"
    Sajad Samipour, Alireza Toloei, V. V Batrakov
    Russian Engineering Research, Vol. 43, pp.28-32, 2023
  12. "An advanced teaching-learning-based algorithm to solve unconstrained optimization problems"
    Mohammad Fatehi, Alireza Toloei, S.T.A Niaki, Enrico Zio
    Intelligent Systems with Applications, Vol. 17, 2023
  13. "NEURO-PREDICTIVE CONTROLLER FOR STABILIZATION OF GIMBAL MECHANISM WITH CROSS-COUPLING"
    Saeid Niazi, Alireza Toloei, reza Ghasemi
    Mechatronic Systems and Control, Vol. 49, pp.236-244, 2021
  14. "Different types of star identification algorithms for satellite attitude determination using star sensor"
    Mona Zahednamazi, Alireza Toloei, reza gahsemi
    Aerospace Systems, Vol. 4, pp.315-321, 2021
  15. "Distributed Fuzzy Adaptive Sliding Mode Formation for Nonlinear Multi-quadrotor Systems"
    peman manouchehri, reza ghasemi, Alireza Toloei
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 33, pp.798-804, 2020
  16. "A comparative analysis of star identification algorithms"
    Alireza Toloei, Mona Zahednamazi, reza ghasemi, Faze Mohammadi
    ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE, Vol. 365, 2020
  17. "Distributed Neural Observer-Based Formation Strategy of Non-A±ne Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with Unknown Dynamics"
    Pejman Manouchehri, Reza Ghasemi, Alireza Toloei, Fazel Mohammadi
    JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, Vol. 30, 2020
  18. "Design of Generalized Predictive Control for the Stabilizing Loop from a two-axis Gimbal Seeker, Considering Cross-Coupling in Between two Channels"
    Pirzadeh MEISAM, Alireza Toloei
    International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, Vol. 32, pp.555-561, 2019
  19. "Quaternion-based Finite-time Sliding Mode Controller Design for Attitude Tracking of a Rigid Spacecraft during High-thrust Orbital Maneuver in the Presence of Disturbance Torques"
    Alireza Toloei, Hooman Asgari
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 32, pp.430-437, 2019
  20. "Design of predictive control and evaluate the effects of flight dynamics on performance of one axis gimbal system considering disturbanc torques"
    Alireza Toloei, ,
    AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 54, pp.143-150, 2016
  21. "Oscillation Control of Aircraft Shock Absorber Subsystem Using Intelligent Active Performance and Optimized Classical Techniques Under Sine Wave Runway Excitation"
    Alireza Toloei, ,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 29, pp.1167-1174, 2016
  22. "Design and Analysis of an Optical Coupler for Concentrated Solar Light Using Optical Fibers in Residential Buildings"
    , , chin joo tan, , Alireza Toloei
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY, Vol. 2016, pp.1-11, 2016
  23. "Analysis of Transient Flow in the Case of Secondary Injection for Transient Vector Control"
    Alireza Toloei, HAMID RAMEZI
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 29, pp.101-106, 2016
  24. "OPTIMIZED FUZZY LOGIC FOR NONLINEAR VIBRATION CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT SEMI-ACTIVE SHOCK ABSORBER WITH INPUT CONSTRAINT"
    Alireza Toloei, , behroz attaran
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 29, pp.1300-1306, 2016
  25. "Mathematical Model and Vibration Analysis of Aircraft with Active Landing Gear System using LQR Technique"
    Alireza Toloei, Elaheh Aghamirbaha,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 29, pp.100-108, 2016
  26. "Spacecraft OMM reduction using stable frozen orbit conditions"
    Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei
    AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 87, pp.100-106, 2015
  27. "Attitude estimation of Nano-satellite according to Navigation Sensors using of Combination Method"
    Alireza Toloei, , Morteza Shayanarani
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 28, pp.964-969, 2015
  28. "Fault Tolerant control (FTC) scheme for a unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)"
    Masoumeh Eslamdoust, Alireza Toloei,
    International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 126, pp.1-6, 2015
  29. "Effects of Flight Dynamics on Performance of One Axis Gimbal System Considering Disturbance Torques"
    , Alireza Toloei,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 28, pp.1-9, 2015
  30. "Estimation of LOS Rates for Target Tracking Problems using EKF and UKF Algorithms- A Comparative Study"
    Alireza Toloei,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 28, pp.172-178, 2015
  31. "Designing a power system stabilizer using adaptive backstepping technique"
    , , Alireza Toloei
    GMP REVIEW, Vol. 15, pp.117-129, 2015
  32. "Simulation of Strap-On Boosters Separation in the Atmosphere"
    , Alireza Toloei, ,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 28, pp.164-171, 2015
  33. "Vibration Control of Aircraft Semi-Active Suspension System using PID-Bees Technique"
    Alireza Toloei, ,
    International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 99, pp.14-21, 2014
  34. "A New Composite Algorithm for Identifying the Stars in the Star Tracker"
    Alireza Toloei, Morteza Shayanarani,
    International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 102, pp.28-33, 2014
  35. "State Estimation for Target Tracking Problems with Nonlinear Kalman Filter Algorithms"
    Alireza Toloei,
    International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 98, pp.30-36, 2014
  36. "Stabilization loop of a two axes gimbal system using self-tuning PID type fuzzy controller"
    , , Alireza Toloei,
    ISA TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 53, pp.591-622, 2014
  37. "Application of Active Suspension System to Reduce Aircraft Vibration using PID Technique and Bees Algorithm"
    Alireza Toloei, ,
    International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 98, pp.17-24, 2014
  38. "Simulation of store separation using low-cost CFD with dynamic meshing"
    , Alireza Toloei, ,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 27, pp.775-784, 2014
  39. "Improving two axes gimbal seeker performance using cascade control approach"
    , , Alireza Toloei,
    AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, Vol. 229, pp.38-55, 2014
  40. "Modeling Control and Simulation of Cascade Control Servo System for One Axis Gimbal Mechanism"
    , Alireza Toloei, ,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 27, pp.157-170, 2014
  41. "Cascade Control System for Two Axes Gimbal System with Mass Unbalance"
    , Alireza Toloei, ,
    International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, Vol. 4, pp.903-912, 2013
  42. "Inclusion effects of J2-perturbed motion over Melton s problem"
    Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei
    AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 85, pp.236-244, 2013
  43. "Research on the Cross-Coupling of a Two Axes Gimbal System with Dynamic Unbalance"
    , , Alireza Toloei,
    International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, Vol. 10, pp.201-210, 2013
  44. "Performance Evaluation of the High-Altitude Launch Technique to Orbit Using Atmospheric"
    MOHAMMAD REZA TAHERI, Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 26, pp.333-340, 2013
  45. "High Accuracy Relative Motion of Spacecraft Using Linearized Time-Varying J2-Perturbed Terms"
    Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 26, pp.323-332, 2013
  46. "Fuzzy stabilization loop of one axis gimbal system"
    , , Alireza Toloei
    International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 77, pp.6-13, 2013
  47. "EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF FROZEN CONDITIONS FOR SPACECRAFT RELATIVE MOTION DYNAMICS"
    Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 25, pp.301-307, 2012
  48. "Bi-Level Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Techniques Applied to an"
    Alireza Toloei, , Majid ZANDI,
    International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 25, pp.105-112, 2012
  49. "Kinematic Analysis of 3-PRS Parallel Robot and Using in LEO Satellites Optical Tracking System"
    , , Alireza Toloei
    International review of automatic control (I.RE.A.CO.), Vol. 5, pp.66-71, 2012
  50. "On the stability of a microbeam conveying fluid considering modified couple stress theory"
    Sonia Ahangar, Ghader Rezazadeh, Rasool Shabani, Goodarz Ahmadi , Alireza Toloei
    International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, Vol. 7, pp.327-342, 2011
  51. "Analysis of dual secondary injection for thrust vectoring"
    , Alireza Toloei
    AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 1, pp.213-220, 2011
  52. "EVALUATION TO DIGITAL FILTERING TO OBTAIN SAGNAC SHIFT IN OPEN LOOP - IFOG"
    , Alireza Toloei
    AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING AND AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 81, 2009
  53. "Investigation of Divergence Instability on a Extensible Micro Beam subjected to Electrostatic Pressure"
    Ghader Rezazadeh, Hamid Sadeghian, Isa Hosseinzadeh, Alireza Toloei
    Sensors Transducers, Vol. 79, pp.1173-1179, 2007
  54. "Investigation of pull-in phenomenon on a extensible micro beam subjected to electrostatic pressure"
    Ghader Rezazadeh, , , Alireza Toloei
    Sensors transducers journal (S T e-Digest)., Vol. 79, 2007
  55. ""
    SayedMostafa Mousavi, Alireza Toloei
    Vol. 9, pp.17-30, 2025
  56. ""
    SayedMostafa Mousavi, Alireza Toloei, toloei mohmmad
    Vol. 37, pp.53-70, 2025
  57. ""
    Maziar Hoseini shalmaee, Alireza Toloei
    pp.239-258, 2025
  58. ""
    Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh, Alireza Toloei, reza gahsemi
    Vol. 11, pp.1-12, 2024
  59. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Maziar Hoseini shalmaee, Mitra Ebrahimi
    Vol. 4, pp.78-91, 2024
  60. ""
    Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh, Alireza Toloei
    Vol. 8, pp.1-13, 2024
  61. ""
    Mona Zahednamazi, Alireza Toloei
    Vol. 59, pp.57-70, 2024
  62. ""
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, reza gahsemi
    Vol. 7, pp.1-11, 2024
  63. ""
    Mona Zahednamazi, Alireza Toloei, reza gahsemi
    Vol. 3, pp.64-75, 2023
  64. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Marzieh Habibi totekani, reza ghsemi, Fatemeh Ghaderi
    Vol. 12, pp.63-77, 2023
  65. ""
    Sajad Samipour, Alireza Toloei, vladimir batrakov
    Vol. 15, pp.33-45, 2023
  66. ""
    Mona Zahednamazi, Alireza Toloei, reza ghasemi
    Vol. 11, pp.115-130, 2022
  67. ""
    pegeman manouchehri, reza ghasemi, Alireza Toloei
    Vol. 5, pp.21-31, 2022
  68. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Mohammad Fatehi, behrooz keshtegr
    Vol. 14, pp.1-14, 2021
  69. ""
    Mohammad Fatehi, Alireza Toloei, behrouz keshtegar
    Vol. 9, pp.177-192, 2021
  70. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    Vol. 15, pp.200-210, 2020
  71. ""
    , Alireza Toloei, sajad ghasemlo, hamid parhizkar
    Vol. 3, pp.49-60, 2014
  72. ""
    , Alireza Toloei,
    Journal of Space Science and Technology, Vol. 4, pp.83-92, 2011
  73. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    Vol. 39, pp.73-79, 2009

Conference Paper

  1. "DFIG wind turbine control despite the uncertainties in the model using high-order adaptive sliding"
    Sariyeh Moghtader Arbatsofla, Alireza Toloei, Fatemeh Soudagary, Aref Naseri
    Smart Grid Conference 2017, 2017
  2. ""
    mitra kamaei, Alireza Toloei, Majid ZANDI
    6th international conference on research in science and technology, 2017
  3. "Discrete-Time Model Predictive Control (DMPC) for Autonomous Unmanned Helicopter using Laguerre Function in Hovering Mode"
    Alireza Toloei,
    1st International Conference on New Research Achievements in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2016
  4. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Majid ZANDI
    Research in science and technology, 2015
  5. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Majid ZANDI
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (DUBAI), 2015
  6. "approximate solution on inviscid flow for prediction of flow"
    Alireza Toloei
    5th international conference on recent advances in space technologies, 2011
  7. "Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an expendable Launch vehicle"
    Alireza Toloei,
    5th international conference on recent advances in space technologies - RAST 2011, 2011
  8. "Drawing of the Random Impact Points 3-sigma Ellipse in Reentry of a Specified Space Body Using Monte Carlo Method"
    Alireza Toloei,
    5th international conference on recent advances in space technologies - RAST 2011, 2011
  9. "Approximate Solution of Inviscid Flow for Prediction of Flow Characteristic around Re-entry Vehicles"
    Alireza Toloei
    5th international conference on recent advances in space technologies - RAST 2011, 2011
  10. "drawing of the random impact points 3-sigma ellipse in recentry of a specified space body using Monto Carlo method"
    Alireza Toloei
    5th international conference on recent advances in space technologies, 2011
  11. "Numerical Investigation of Dual Secondary Injection for Thrust Vector Control"
    Alireza Toloei
    7th International conferenc on heat transfer Fluid mechanics and thermodynamics, 2010
  12. "axisymmetric gas injection for supersonic blunt body"
    Alireza Toloei,
    anakara internation aerospace confernce, 2009
  13. "a discussion about the difficulty of the numerical solution of 3dvsl equations in the leeward region"
    Alireza Toloei
    anakara internation aerospace confernce, 2009
  14. "a new method for solution of viscous shock layer equations"
    Alireza Toloei
    aiac 2009, 2009
  15. "Axisymmetric gas ingection for supersonic blunt body"
    Alireza Toloei,
    Ankara international Aerospace conference, 2009
  16. "A new method fio solution of viscous shock-layer equations"
    Alireza Toloei
    Ankara international Aerospace conference, 2009
  17. "SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH TOWARD THE PROBLEM OF SUNLIGHT COLLECTION OF A LIGHT-MICRO SATELLITE"
    Alireza Toloei
    4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, 2009
  18. "SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF REQUIRED LEVEL OF ON-ORBIT AUTONOMOUS OPERATION OF A LEO STUDENT-MICROSATELLITE MISSION"
    Alireza Toloei
    4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, 2009
  19. "systems engineering analysis of required level of on - orbit autonomous operation of a leo student microsatellite mission"
    Hossein Bonyan Khamseh, Alireza Toloei
    4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, 2009
  20. "system engineering approach toward the problem of sunlight collection of a light micro atellite"
    Alireza Toloei
    ieee 2009, 2009
  21. ""
    Maziar Hoseini shalmaee, Alireza Toloei, mehran mnosratollahi
    Aero2024, 2024
  22. ""
    Mohammad Hosein Alizadeh, Alireza Toloei, mohammadhosein toloei
    Aero2024, 2024
  23. ""
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, mohamadhosein toloei
    Aero2024, 2024
  24. ""
    Saman Javadi kochaksaraii, Alireza Toloei, mohammadhosein toloei
    Aero2024, 2024
  25. ""
    Fatemeh Ghaderi, Alireza Toloei, reza ghasemi
    21st International Conference On Iranian Aerospace, 2023
  26. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Fatemeh Ghaderi, reza ghsemi
    20th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace, 2022
  27. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Amir Kian, Behnam Nakhodayegoli
    The 19th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2021
  28. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Saeid Shafiei shahraki
    The 19th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2021
  29. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Fatemeh Ghaderi
    The 19th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2021
  30. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Mona Zahednamazi, reza ghasemi
    The 19th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2021
  31. ""
    Alireza Toloei, mohhamad ali ansari jafari, Saeid Niazi
    The 18th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2020
  32. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Saeid Niazi, mohammad ali ansari
    The 18th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2020
  33. ""
    sarire mogtader, Alireza Toloei
    2nd international Conference on Electrical Engineering, 2017
  34. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Ahmad Soleymani
    AERO2017, 2017
  35. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Ahmad Soleymani
    The 15thInternational Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2016
  36. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    The 15thInternational Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2016
  37. ""
    SHIMA SHAHABODDIN, Alireza Toloei,
    The 15thInternational Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2016
  38. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    The 15thInternational Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2016
  39. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    The 15thInternational Conference of Iranian Aerospace Society, 2016
  40. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , pp.730-736, 2015
  41. "Stabilization loop of one axis gimbal system considering gimbal mass imbalance and gimbal friction"
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2014
  42. "Research on gimbal seeker performance under variable operation conditions"
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2014
  43. ""
    Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei
    , 2012
  44. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2012
  45. ""
    Hamidreza Shahsavari, Alireza Toloei, Majid ZANDI,
    , 2012
  46. ""
    Elyas Mohajeri, Alireza Toloei
    , pp.59-60, 2011
  47. ""
    MOHAMMAD REZA TAHERI, Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei
    , pp.133-134, 2011
  48. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    , pp.69-70, 2011
  49. ""
    Ahmad Soleymani, Alireza Toloei
    , pp.61-62, 2011
  50. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Mohammadreza Sahebi
    , pp.43-44, 2011
  51. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    , 2011
  52. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    , 2011
  53. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    , 2011
  54. "Approximate viscous shock- layer analysis of axisymmetric bodies in perfect gas hypersonic flows"
    Alireza Toloei
    , 2011
  55. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    , 2011
  56. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2011
  57. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2011
  58. "Approximate Solution for Aerodynamic Heating around Blunt Body Reentry Vehicles"
    Alireza Toloei
    13th Annual 2nd International Fluid Dynamics, 2010
  59. ""
    Babak Shokri, Alireza Toloei
    , 2010
  60. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    , 2010
  61. ""
    Alireza Toloei
    , 2010
  62. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2010
  63. ""
    Seyedmohammadreza Mahmoodian, Alireza Toloei
    , 2010
  64. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Elyas Mohajeri
    , 2009
  65. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Elyas Mohajeri
    , 2009
  66. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2009
  67. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2009
  68. ""
    Alireza Toloei, Elyas Mohajeri
    , 2009
  69. ""
    Alireza Toloei,
    , 2009
  70. ""
    ahmad reza vali, hosein taher, reza gasemi, Alireza Toloei
    The 2nd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE 1994), 1994